EFVM INVESTS TO MEET GROWTH IN TRAFFIC

EFVM is a private Brazilian railway owned by Compania Vale de Rio Doce (CVRD), one of the world’s largest iron ore producers, and it has no shortage of funds to invest in the latest technology to handle heavy-haul traffic.

(1) Brazil’s Vitoria a Minas Railway (EFVM) is currently investing in new rolling stock and control systems which will increase its capacity and improve efficiency on a heavy-haul network which must handle an increasing amount of freight traffic.

(2) EFVM began operating iron ore trains consisting of 160 wagons during the 1970s. These wagons, each 100 tones gross in weight, were hauled by two GM-built DDM-45 locomotives – modified versions of SD-45 locomotives, which were fitted with four-axle bogies to adhere to the 25-tonne axle load limit of EFVM’s meter-gauge track.

(3) In 1995, the state-owned railway began buying GE-built BB 40-9s, which are modernised conventional C40-9s. At the same time, the iron ore trains remained 160 wagons long, despite the growing traffic demand.

(4) However, since it was privatized in 1997, EFVM has been revising its operating practices, and tests have begun recently with the operation of longer trains.

(5) This solution would reduce staff costs and save fuel, but it raises technical questions concerning the length of passing loops, and the effects of hunting in longer trains.

(6) Hunting increases almost geometrically with the growth of the size of the train, and increases the danger of derailment on perfectly maintained track, due to the size of the train. The danger is so real even on the existing trains, that 160-wagon iron ore trains must come to a full halt when meeting the single daily return passenger train on the same line, even though much of the line is double track.

(7) Tests have been conducted with trains of different sizes. Initially, EFVM began operating trains with up to 270 wagons using three locomotives: one BB 40-9 at the head and two DDM-45s spread throughout the train, all controlled by GE-Harris Locotrol remote control equipment. Signals between the locomotives are transmitted by radio. Transmission towers aren’t necessary, except near tunnels due to the possibility of losing the signal.

(8) EFVM has now bought 47 Locotrol units, and a further 24 have been bought by Central Atlantic Railway (FCA), which is also controlled by CVRD. Since privatization, there has been a growing interchange of traffic between the two railways, and FCA’s steep gradients of up to 3.8% mean that Locotrol fits like a glove into its

longer trains.

Вариант 7

1. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - s в предложениях (1-4), и какую функцию данное окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

a) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

c) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Oxford's students like to get to the University by bicycle.

2. The university offers a few hostels to its members.

3. The University's golf club is a very popular place.

4. Long ago there were no places for female students at British universities.

2. Учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным, соотнесите перевод выражений (А - Г) с предложениями (1-4). Переведите предложения на русский язык:

А. Университетская олимпиада.

Б. Образовательные программы.

В. Штат университета.

Г. Студенческий Союз

1. There are many famous researchers and lecturers on the Universitystaff.

2. Many students want to take part in the University Olympiad.

3. The Student Union publishes its own newspaper.

4. The institute offered new education programmes for correspondence students.

3. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в соответствующей степени сравнения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The student got … (deeper/ as deep) knowledge of physics with the help of laboratory practice.

2. Moscow State University has … (the tallest/ taller) educational building in the world.

3. The more you practice, … ( the best / the better) results you achieve.

4. In science experimental work is… (the most important / as important) as theoretical research.

4. Выберите нужную форму местоимения в следующих предложениях и соотнесите ее с номером предложения. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Does (anybody / somebody) know the theorem?

2. There is (something / nothing) interesting in every field of science.

3. The student did not report (anywhere / anything) on the topic and got a bad mark.

4. (Nobody / Nowhere) of the group wanted to change the timetable.

5. В каждом предложении выберите требуемую по смыслу видо-временную форму глагола из данных в скобках. Соотнесите ее с номером предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The University (gives/ does not give) the students a chance to carry out* research.

2. A few weeks ago lecturers (will go / went) on a strike against low wages.

3. Yesterday, that student (asked /asks) for the permission to leave early.

4. Our institute's volleyball team (will take / take) part in the next city championship.

6. Прочтите 1 – 4 абзацы текста и выполните задания к ним.

THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON

1. London is the world centre of leading universities. More than 400, 000 students study there. There are about 40 higher education institutions in London. But many of them are parts of the federal mega university. Imperial College of London, the London School of Economics and Political Sciences, University College London (UCL)

are in the centre. Others are located in London's outskirts. The University of London includes 19 universities and twelve research institutes.

2. Many years ago, UCL was known as London University. In 1836 together with King's College they established* the University of London. King's College only offered places to members of the Church of England. For UCL, religious views of the students were not important. In 1878 it was the first university which offered a place to female students.

3. In 1900, the London School of Economics and Political Sciences entered, and London Business School joined in 1964. TheUniversity is so large, that it owns a few hundreds of buildings. Many students of the University took part* in recent student protests. They are sure that the increase in fees will worsen* their financial stability.

4. About 5% of the total UK student population study in one of the colleges of the University of London. The student Union owns the largest student newspaper in the world - " London Student". It not only represents* students' views, but also plays an important part in everyday life. For example, any student can get there some information about the hostels*. The University owns eight hostels, in which there are places for all first-year students.

5. Many famous people were members of the University of London. There are 4 monarchs, 52 presidents or prime-ministers, Nobel laureates*, 6 Grammy winners, 3 Oscar winners and 3 Olympic gold medalists among them. The list of honorable* graduates includes Alexander Fleming, Alexander Graham Bell, Nelson Mandela,

John F. Kennedy, Mahatma Gandhi and others.

Задания к тексту

1. Укажите, в каких абзацах текста (1-4) содержится информация (A-D).

A. There was a difference in the rules between the parts of the University.

B. Many students are worried about high payment for the education.

C. Students get some advice on their problems from the newspaper.

D. The University is a large and powerful group including dozens of institutions.

2. Выберите вариант завершения предложения соответствующий тексту:

About 5 per cent of the British student population

A. … are members of sports clubs.

B. … study in the colleges of the University of London.

C. … took part in student demonstrations.

D. … do the foreign language courses.

3. Укажите абзац, в котором говорится о включении в состав университета Лондонской школы экономики и политических наук.

4. Абзац 4 рассказывает о

A. …работе студентов в качестве корреспондентов газеты.

B. …волонтерской работе студентов университета.

C. … Британских студентах, обучающихся за рубежом.

D.... студенческих общежитиях Лондонского университета.

7. Переведите 4 и 5 абзацы текста письменно.

 

Вариант 8

1. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - s в предложениях (1-4), и какую функцию данное окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

a) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

c) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Smart students have the ability to think independently.

2. King's College of the Oxford University was founded in 1441.

3. The person who looks after* discipline in Cambridge is Proctor.

4. There are some interesting facts from the University's history.

2. Учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным, соотнесите перевод выражений (А - Г), с предложениями (1-4). Переведите

предложения на русский язык.

А. Иногородние студенты. Б. Компьютерные центры.

В. Претенденты на должность. Г. Нобелевский лауреат.

1. The Nobel Prize winner offered a way of the environment protection.

2. Job candidates answer different questions at the interview.

3. There are two computer centres and a science laboratory in the college.

4. The institute has some hostels for non-resident students.

3. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в соответствующей степени сравнения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. For an actor talent is … (the most / more) important than education.

2. Lomonosov Moscow University is one of … (better /the best) universities in the world.

3. The smarter the student, … (the less/ the least) time he spends on his tests.

4. My daughter's homework was not …(so good/ worse) as her class composition.

4. Выберите нужную форму местоимения в следующих преложениях и соотнесите ее с номером предложения. Переведите на русский язык.

1. The Student Council invited (everyone/ nobody) for a meeting.

2. (Nobody/ Something) knew the answer to that difficult question.

3. (Everything/Nothing) is impossible for a real friend.

4. (Somewhere/Somebody) came early to the class and opened the window.

5. В каждом предложении выберите требуемую по смыслу видо-временную форму глагола из данных в скобках. Соотнесите ее с номером предложения. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. Alexander Flemming (will discover/discovered) penicillin.

2. I (write/ wrote) about my personal experience in the examination paper.

3. My groupmates (will find/ finds) the material for the course projects in the Internet.

4. The lecturer (concentrates/ concentrate) on the important facts from the history of science.

6. Прочтите 1 – 4 абзацы текста и выполните задания к ним.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY

1. Cambridge is one of the most privileged educational and research centers. It is also one of the loveliest owns of England. Cambridge is not a modern industrial city and looks more like a country town. In Cambridge everything centres on the University and its colleges, the oldest of which was founded in 1284.

2. Cambridge University is the second-oldest university in England after the University of Oxford. It closely connected with the life and thought of Great Britain. Newton, Byron, Darwin, Rutherford and many other scientists and writers graduated from Cambridge. The University has thirty-one colleges; three of them are for women only. In 2005 Cambridge produced more PhD* students than any other university.

3. Rejection by Cambridge does not mean that you are less able. You can easily go to any other university in the country with your results from Cambridge entrance exams. So, all the candidates have great abilities. They all have brilliant references from teachers, and very often played a great part in their schools' social lives.

4. Most of the applicants go to interviews in mid-December. Usually there are two interviews: one is about the main academic subject, and the other is on the applicants' general knowledge. They ask you about your life, academic interests, give some problems to solve right during the interview, etc.

5. Cambridge is a privilege and also some luck. It is definitely about very hard work. But mainly it is about the ability to think independently and originally and the desire for thinking. Cambridge University has eighty-eight Nobel prize winners, which is more than in any other institution in the world.

Задания к тексту

1. Укажите, в каких абзацах текста (1-4) содержится информация (A-D).

A. Those who want to enter Cambridge go to the interview.

B. Candidates to Cambridge are very able people.

C. Members of Cambridge University successfully graduate from postgraduate courses.

D. Cambridge is a beautiful country town.

2. Выберите вариант завершения предложения соответствующий тексту:

Cambridge students

A. … take part in the boat racing every year.

B. … were very active during their school years.

C. … publish the results of their research in scientific journals.

D. … like to take pictures of the beautiful University buildings.

3. Укажите абзац, в котором говорится о знаменитых ученых и писателях, окончивших Кембриджский университет.

4. Абзац 4 рассказывает о

A. …возможности поступить в другие университеты.

B.… собеседовании при поступлении в Кембриджский университет.

C.…необходимости писать сочинение при поступлении в университет

D. …факультативных занятиях студентов.

7. Переведите 2 и 5 абзацы текста письменно.

 

 

Вариант 9

1. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием - s в предложениях (1-4), и какую функцию данное окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

a) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

c) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The University's campus occupies a large territory.

2. Students do the work on their own projects.

3. You learn much when you do the teacher's job.

4. Professor uses many examples for the illustration of his ideas.

2. Учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным, соотнесите перевод выражений (А - Г), с предложениями (1-4). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

А.Музей науки.

Б. Университетская библиотека.

В. Школьный учитель.

Г. Исследовательская программа.

1. Students take part in the Research Program.

2. After graduation I want to work as a school teacher.

3. There is a university library across the street.

4. The Science Museum shows a new exposition.

3. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в соответствующей степени сравнения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The size of the group in an American college is…( the smallest / smaller ) than in our college.

2. The University laboratories are … (the most/ more) up-to-date in the world.

3. The gardens in Oxford are… (more/as) lovely as in Cambridge.

4. The more you learn about the subject …(the better/ the best) you understand it.

4. Выберите нужную форму местоимения в следующих предложениях и соотнесите ее с номером предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. (Somewhere/Anywhere) outside the city there is a students' ski club.

2. We asked the teacher to say (something/ anybody) about the results of the test.

3.(Everything/Everyone) takes part in social activities.

4. (Nothing/Nobody) of our group is late for classes.

5. В каждом предложении выберите требуемую по смыслу видо-временную форму глагола из данных в скобках. Соотнесите ее с номером предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The experimental centre (offers/ offer) students modern equipment for their studies.

2. The teacher (wrote/ write) my friend's parents about his last term success.

3. There (will be/are) enough place in the hostel for all the students.

4. The students (attended/ attends) lectures and seminars during the semester.

6. Прочтите и переведите текст письменно.

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